Rules: file, label and archive automatically

Settings → Rules → New rule. A rule has one or more conditions (from, to, subject contains, has attachment, mailbox) and one or more actions (move to folder, add label, star, mark read, archive, spam, trash, snooze).

Rules run in order on every new message in the inbox. Tick stop processing on a rule to prevent later rules from touching the same message. Rules never delete mail permanently.